Characterizing the visual system of predators and prey is key to understanding some sensory/cognitive mechanisms involved in predator-prey interactions of visually-oriented animals (e.g., visual search, detection, attack). Most of the knowledge on the visual system of predators and prey comes from non-Passerine birds. However, recent research on Passeriformes provides new insights into the anatomical and behavioral specializations of the prey and the predator sensory systems to enhance detection in different ecological conditions.